The Treaty of Versailles was ratified in 1919, officially concluding World War I. Negotiated primarily by the Allied powers, the treaty imposed harsh penalties on Germany, including territorial losses, disarmament, and significant reparations. The terms aimed to weaken Germany and prevent future conflicts; however, the punitive measures also contributed to economic hardship and political instability in the country. Many historians argue that the treaty's conditions set the stage for World War II, as it fostered resentment and nationalism among Germans. The Treaty of Versailles remains a pivotal moment in history, illustrating the complexities of post-war diplomacy and the challenges of achieving lasting peace.