The last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, abdicated on March 15, 1917, during the Russian Revolution. His abdication marked the end of the Romanov dynasty, which had ruled Russia for over three centuries. The political climate was tumultuous, with widespread discontent among the populace due to World War I's devastating effects and ongoing social issues. Nicholas II's abdication led to the establishment of a provisional government, which faced significant challenges and ultimately paved the way for the Bolshevik Revolution later that same year. The events surrounding his abdication significantly transformed Russia's political landscape.