The Great Depression began in 1929, specifically marked by the stock market crash on October 29, known as Black Tuesday. This financial catastrophe led to a severe economic downturn, resulting in widespread unemployment, business failures, and a significant decline in industrial production. The effects of the Great Depression were felt globally, as countries faced a dramatic reduction in trade and economic activity. Many governments responded with various measures, including public works projects and financial reforms, but the deep economic malaise persisted throughout the 1930s, profoundly affecting social and political landscapes worldwide.