The Bolshevik Revolution led to the establishment of a communist government in Russia in 1917. Specifically, the revolution took place in October (Julian calendar), when the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized control of the provisional government that had replaced Tsar Nicholas II earlier that year. The Bolsheviks aimed to create a workers' state based on Marxist principles, promising "peace, land, and bread" to the war-weary and impoverished populace. This event marked a significant turning point in Russian history, eventually leading to the formation of the Soviet Union and influencing communist movements worldwide in the 20th century.