The fall of communism in Eastern Europe is often symbolized by the year 1989, which marked a series of peaceful revolutions across the region, leading to the collapse of communist regimes in countries such as Poland, Hungary, and East Germany. This wave of change culminated in the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, a powerful emblem of the division between East and West Europe. The collapse signified not only the end of the Cold War but also the beginning of democratic reforms and market economies in Eastern European countries. It reshaped geopolitical dynamics and provided momentum for the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.