The social dynamics of the Victorian era, which spanned much of Queen Victoria's reign (1837-1901), were characterized by a stark class structure, strict moral codes, and gender roles. The era saw the rise of the middle class, fueled by the Industrial Revolution, while the upper classes maintained significant economic capital and social prestige. Gender roles were rigid, with women primarily expected to fulfill domestic duties, although the women's suffrage movement began gaining ground. Issues related to morality, public propriety, and social reform were prevalent, reflecting the complexities of a rapidly changing society and the emerging challenges to established norms.