The primary causes of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) included political polarization, social inequalities, and regional tensions. The struggle between the Republicans, who supported a democratic government, and the Nationalists, led by Francisco Franco, intensified these divisions. The war resulted in significant human suffering, approximately 500,000 deaths, and led to the establishment of a fascist dictatorship under Franco, which impacted Spain’s political landscape for decades. Additionally, the conflict served as a precursor to World War II, drawing in foreign powers and influencing global politics.