World War I had profound effects on Europe, reshaping its political landscape and creating social upheaval. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, imposed harsh penalties on Germany, including territorial losses and reparations, which contributed to economic instability and resentment. The war also led to the collapse of empires, such as the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, creating new nations and borders. Additionally, WWI caused significant loss of life, a wounded generation, and sets of profound changes in technology and warfare. It also fostered widespread disillusionment, ultimately sowing the seeds for political extremism and World War II.