The **Bill of Rights**, ratified in **1791**, outlines fundamental principles to protect individual liberties. These first ten amendments guarantee essential rights, including **freedom of speech**, **religion**, and the press. They also establish **protections against unreasonable searches**, the right to bear arms, and rights related to criminal prosecutions such as due process and a fair trial. Additionally, the Bill of Rights ensures protections against **excessive bail** and cruel and unusual punishment. This foundational document serves as a cornerstone for **American democracy**, influencing legal frameworks and civil rights movements throughout history.