The main causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917 were rooted in widespread social, economic, and political discontent. Many Russians were impoverished and oppressed, suffering from food shortages and harsh working conditions exacerbated by World War I. This discontent was fueled by opposition to autocratic rule under Tsar Nicholas II, who was seen as out of touch with the needs of his people. Additionally, intellectual movements and socialist ideologies gained traction, advocating for fundamental reforms. The collapse of the provisional government that replaced the Tsar in February only intensified calls for radical change, leading to the Bolshevik Revolution in October 1917.