The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) faced numerous legal challenges throughout the 20th century. Initially proposed in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, the ERA aimed to guarantee equal rights regardless of sex. However, opposition arose, particularly from conservative groups who argued it would undermine traditional family structures and existing laws protecting women. The deadline for state ratification was set for 1979, later extended to 1982, but fell short of the required number of states. Legal battles over its validity, interpretations, and implications continued, highlighting broader societal conflicts about gender equality. Despite its initial momentum, the ERA has never been officially ratified.