The rise of totalitarian regimes before and during World War II can be attributed to various factors including political instability, economic turmoil, and social unrest. The aftermath of World War I, particularly the Treaty of Versailles, left many nations with national humiliation and economic hardship. In countries like Germany and Italy, leaders such as Hitler and Mussolini exploited these conditions, using propaganda and fear tactics to gain power. Additionally, the desire for strong leadership and a return to national pride contributed to the acceptance of authoritarian rule, leading to the establishment of oppressive regimes.