During the Fourth Republic in France, which lasted from 1946 to 1958, the political landscape was characterized by instability and a fragmented parliamentary system. The republic grappled with post-World War II reconstruction, decolonization struggles, and economic challenges. Multiple parties, including the Socialist and Communist parties, competed for power, resulting in short-lived governments and frequent changes in leadership. This tumultuous environment fostered a sense of disillusionment among citizens regarding political efficacy. Additionally, the Algerian War of Independence, which began in 1954, further intensified political crises and ultimately contributed to the downfall of the Fourth Republic, leading to the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958.