The significance of the Underground Railroad lies in its role as a network of secret routes and safe houses that facilitated the escape of enslaved African Americans to freedom in the 19th century. Operated by abolitionists and sympathizers, it provided critical support to those fleeing slavery, particularly to destinations in the North and Canada. The Underground Railroad symbolized resistance against oppression and became a vital component of the broader abolitionist movement. Notable figures such as Harriet Tubman emerged from this movement, risking their lives to help others achieve freedom and rights.