The significance of the treaty that ended the Punic Wars, specifically the Treaty of 241 BCE, was profound in establishing Roman dominance in the Mediterranean. With the defeat of Carthage, Rome gained significant territories, including Sicily, which became its first province. This treaty marked a shift in power, leading to the expansion of the Roman Empire and greater control over trade routes. Furthermore, it solidified Rome's military strength and paved the way for subsequent conquests, deeply influencing the geopolitical landscape of the ancient world.