The rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe during the 20th century, such as fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany, significantly impacted global politics. These regimes arose in the interwar period, driven by economic instability and social unrest following World War I. Their emergence led to aggressive expansionist policies, militarization, and the persecution of marginalized groups, culminating in World War II. The consequences also included the establishment of stringent state control over society, suppression of dissent, and the formation of alliances that manifested in the conflict. This period underscored the fragility of democracy and the dangers of authoritarianism.