The country involved in a civil war from 1936 to 1939 led by Francisco Franco was Spain. The conflict, known as the Spanish Civil War, erupted between the Republicans, who were a coalition of leftists including socialists, communists, and anarchists, and the Nationalists, led by Franco, a military general. The Nationalists, supported by fascist regimes in Italy and Germany, aimed to overthrow the Second Spanish Republic. The war resulted in significant loss of life and widespread suffering. Ultimately, Franco's forces emerged victorious, establishing a dictatorial regime that lasted until his death in 1975. The war left deep political and social scars that influenced Spain for decades.