The significance of the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision, delivered in 1954, lies in its ruling that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The court's unanimous decision overturned the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which endorsed the "separate but equal" doctrine. The Brown case was pivotal in the Civil Rights Movement as it provided a legal foundation for challenging segregation and discriminatory practices. It established that educational facilities for black and white students were inherently unequal, thereby mandating desegregation and promoting social justice, equality, and integration in American society.