The significance of anti-imperialist movements in Africa was crucial during the 20th century, as they sought to challenge colonial rule and advocate for self-determination. These movements emerged in response to exploitation and racial discrimination, with leaders like Kwame Nkrumah and Nelson Mandela working to mobilize populations against colonial powers. Anti-imperialist sentiments contributed to the eventual decolonization of several African nations, leading to increased national identity and cultural revival. This shift not only transformed political landscapes but also fostered aspirations for regional unity and social justice across the continent.