The Catholic Church played a central role in medieval European society as the primary religious institution, influencing almost every aspect of life. It provided spiritual guidance, established moral norms, and administered sacraments, which shaped community relationships. The Church also became a significant political power, owning extensive lands and wielding influence over rulers and monarchs. Education, culture, and the preservation of knowledge were largely facilitated by monasteries and cathedral schools that were under Church control. Furthermore, the Church acted as a unifying force in a fragmented feudal landscape, offering hope and a sense of identity during times of social strife and conflict.