During the Renaissance, the Catholic Church played a dual role—both as a patron of the arts and a significant authority in society. It sponsored many artists and projects, commissioning works that showcased religious themes and glorified its power. Churches were adorned with masterpieces by artists like Michelangelo and Raphael, enhancing ecclesiastical prestige and influence. However, the Church also faced criticism, particularly from reformers challenging its practices and corruption. This tension ultimately led to the Protestant Reformation, which fragmented Christendom. Thus, the Church's support and resistance shaped the cultural and religious landscape of Europe profoundly during the Renaissance.