During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church played a central role in European society as a significant spiritual, political, and social institution. It provided religious guidance, moral authority, and was influential in daily life, including education and healthcare. The Church owned vast lands and wealth, which it used to exert power over local and monarchic authorities. The Church also facilitated the spread of Christianity and the establishment of religious orders. It acted as a unifying force across Europe, influencing cultural practices and politics, and was involved in events such as the Crusades.