The role of religion during the Reformation was pivotal as it catalyzed a significant shift in the religious landscape of Europe. The Reformation, which began in the early 16th century, challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and led to the creation of various Protestant denominations. Figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin advocated for reforms such as the translation of the Bible into vernacular languages and the rejection of indulgences. This movement not only influenced religious beliefs but also had far-reaching effects on politics, culture, and education, setting the stage for modern religious pluralism.