The rationale behind the establishment of the Apartheid system in South Africa was primarily rooted in racial segregation and the belief in white supremacy. The National Party, which came to power in 1948, aimed to maintain white dominance in all spheres of life, including political, social, and economic systems. Apartheid laws enforced racial divisions, ensuring that the minority white population controlled the majority black population and other racial groups. The government justified these policies by promoting the idea that different races should live separately to preserve cultural identities, despite widespread international condemnation and internal resistance against the oppressive regime.