The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition, established in 1478, was primarily to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in the kingdoms of Spain, especially after the Reconquista, which sought to expel non-Christians. It aimed to identify and punish converted Jews and Muslims who were suspected of secretly practicing their former faiths. The Inquisition employed various methods, including interrogation and trial, to enforce religious unity, often resulting in severe punishments including execution. It became notorious for its cruelty and the repression of dissent, fostering an environment of fear and suspicion. The Inquisition significantly influenced Spanish society and its legacy lingers in cultural memory.