The prolonged conflict between England and France known as the Hundred Years' War lasted from 1337 to 1453. This series of conflicts stemmed from territorial disputes and claims to the French throne by English monarchs. It saw notable battles such as Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt, emphasizing the evolution of military tactics and the role of longbowmen. The war also marked the rise of nationalism in both England and France, influencing their identities. Ultimately, it resulted in the end of English territorial ambitions in France (except for Calais) and reaffirmed French sovereignty, significantly impacting European history.