The primary reason for the colonization of Africa in the 19th century was the pursuit of economic resources and strategic advantages. European powers, driven by industrialization, sought to obtain vast raw materials, such as rubber, cotton, gold, and ivory, to fuel their growing economies. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 formalized the "Scramble for Africa," where European nations divided the continent among themselves without regard for existing ethnic and cultural boundaries. This colonization was also motivated by a desire for political power and national prestige, as nations competed for overseas territories. The colonization led to significant economic exploitation, social disruption, and long-term consequences for Africa's indigenous populations.