The primary purpose of the Reformation in Europe, initiated in the early 16th century, was to challenge the practices and doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly the selling of indulgences and the church's authority. Spearheaded by figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others, the Reformation sought to return to a more scriptural basis of Christianity. It resulted in the establishment of various Protestant churches and movements, profoundly impacting religious, cultural, and political landscapes across Europe. Ultimately, the Reformation not only led to religious diversification but also fostered greater emphasis on individual faith and personal relationships with God.