The famous Russian revolutionary leader who established a communist regime in 1917 was Vladimir Lenin. He was a central figure in the October Revolution, which led to the overthrow of the provisional government and the establishment of Bolshevik rule. Lenin's leadership and Marxist ideology played significant roles in shaping the Russian Revolution's direction, resulting in the creation of the Soviet Union. His policies aimed to establish a classless society and address issues stemming from war and economic inequality. Lenin's influence extended beyond Russia, inspiring socialist movements worldwide throughout the 20th century.