The primary production of the Southern colonies in America before the Civil War was agriculture, particularly cash crops like cotton, tobacco, and rice. The warm climate and fertile soil of the Southern states created an ideal environment for these crops, leading to their economic dominance. Cotton, in particular, became known as "King Cotton" by the 19th century, driving the expansion of plantations and leading to the increased use of slave labor. The economy of the Southern colonies heavily relied on this agricultural production, influencing their society, culture, and ultimately their political stance during the Civil War, particularly regarding the institution of slavery.