The primary political ideology of the Soviet Union was communism, a system founded on the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Communism sought to establish a classless society where the means of production were owned collectively, and wealth was distributed according to need rather than profit. The Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power during the Russian Revolution of 1917, establishing the first communist state. Under leaders like Stalin, the Soviet Union implemented centralized planning, state control over the economy, and suppression of dissent, aiming to indoctrinate citizens with communist ideals and create a socialist society.