The primary motivation behind colonization in Africa during the 19th century was the pursuit of resources and wealth. European powers sought to expand their territories and influence, driven by the desire for raw materials such as rubber, gold, and ivory to fuel their industries. The Scramble for Africa saw nations like Britain, France, and Belgium carving out vast territories, often disregarding the indigenous populations and their rights. Economic interests were complemented by a sense of racial superiority and a belief in the civilizing mission, which justified colonization as a means to "civilize" the supposedly less developed societies. This led to significant and lasting impacts on African societies.