The primary location of the first successful human flight in 1903 was Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, achieved this historic milestone on December 17, 1903, when their aircraft, the Wright Flyer, flew for 12 seconds, covering 120 feet. This event marked the beginning of the aviation era and revolutionized transportation and travel, leading to advancements in aircraft technology and the eventual establishment of commercial and military aviation.