The primary industry that fueled the Industrial Revolution was textiles. This sector underwent dramatic changes in technology and production methods during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The introduction of machinery such as the spinning jenny, power loom, and steam engine revolutionized textile manufacturing, allowing for mass production at unprecedented speeds. The growth of the textile industry not only increased the demand for raw materials like cotton and wool but also spurred urbanization as workers moved to cities for jobs in factories. This transformation marked a significant shift in economic structures and laid the foundation for modern industrial economies.