The primary ideology of European colonialism in the 19th century was driven by economic expansion, national glory, and the belief in cultural superiority, often referred to as “civilizing missions.” European powers sought to exploit resources, establish new markets, and assert political dominance over colonized territories. This was justified by a sense of racial superiority and the idea of the “white man’s burden,” where Europeans believed it was their duty to bring civilization, Christianity, and progress to "less developed" societies. The consequences of this ideology had profound impacts on indigenous populations, leading to exploitation, conflict, and cultural erasure.