The primary ideology behind the Cold War was the ideological conflict between communism and capitalism. The United States and its allies promoted a capitalist democratic model, emphasizing individual freedoms and market economies. In contrast, the Soviet Union advocated for communism, prioritizing state control of resources and collective ownership. The Cold War spanned several decades, characterized by political tensions, military posturing, and a series of proxy wars, as both superpowers sought to expand their influence globally. Key events, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Korean and Vietnam Wars, highlighted the intense rivalry and fears over nuclear escalation, fundamentally shaping global politics throughout the 20th century.