The primary goal of the socialist movements in the early 20th century was to address the economic and social inequalities created by industrial capitalism. Socialists advocated for collective ownership or regulation of production means, aiming to redistribute wealth and provide better living conditions for the working class. They sought reforms such as labor rights, social welfare, and public healthcare to support the marginalized segments of society. These movements gained momentum as workers rallied for improved conditions in factories and urban settings, ultimately influencing policies and political landscapes across Europe and other parts of the world.