The primary goal of the Crusades launched in the 11th century was to reclaim the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem, from Muslim rule. Initiated in 1096, the Crusades were a series of military campaigns by European Christians, sponsored by the Pope and assisted by various kingdoms and nobles. The movement was fueled by religious fervor, a desire for adventure, and economic opportunity. Participants believed they would earn spiritual rewards, including forgiveness of sins. Over the following centuries, the Crusades also had significant social, cultural, and political repercussions, affecting relations between Christians and Muslims and impacting European society in various ways.