The primary goal of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa was to end racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the apartheid system. Founded in the mid-20th century, the movement sought to dismantle institutionalized racism and promote equal rights for all South Africans, regardless of race. Activists, including figures like Nelson Mandela, fought against the oppressive laws that marginalized black South Africans. The movement gained international attention and support, ultimately leading to the dismantling of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic government in the early 1990s.