The primary focus of the first women's rights convention in 1848 was to address women's suffrage and promote gender equality. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, the convention produced the Seneca Falls Declaration, which called for equal rights and educational opportunities for women. Key figures such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott emphasized the importance of women's involvement in societal decisions, marking a pivotal moment in the women's rights movement in the United States.