The primary focus of the Cultural Revolution, initiated by the Chinese Communist government in 1966, was to enforce communist ideology by targeting perceived bourgeois elements in society. Led by Mao Zedong, the campaign aimed to purge capitalist influences and promote revolutionary values among the youth. This involved widespread persecution of intellectuals, artists, and traditional culture, leading to chaos and unrest throughout the country. The Cultural Revolution sought to solidify Mao's control over the Communist Party and re-establish his vision of socialist principles, with lasting effects on Chinese society and politics.