The primary cause of the Russian Revolutions of 1917 was widespread dissatisfaction with the autocratic rule of Tsar Nicholas II and the dire socio-economic conditions faced by the Russian population. The impact of World War I exacerbated food shortages, economic hardships, and military failures, leading to strikes and protests in major cities. The February Revolution resulted in the abdication of the Tsar and the establishment of a provisional government, while the October Revolution saw the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, seize power, promising peace, land, and bread. This revolution ultimately led to the establishment of the Soviet state.