The primary cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was a combination of social, economic, and political factors that led to widespread dissatisfaction with the Tsarist regime. Russia faced severe hardships during World War I, including military defeats, economic instability, and food shortages, exacerbating public discontent. The working class and peasantry were particularly affected, resulting in strikes and protests. The February Revolution ousted Tsar Nicholas II, while the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, capitalized on the chaos to advocate for radical change, ultimately leading to the October Revolution. This revolution resulted in the establishment of a communist government and marked a significant shift in Russian history.