The primary cause of the Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century was widespread dissatisfaction with the long-standing dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, who ruled for over three decades. His regime favored foreign investment and economic modernization, but it also led to increased inequality, land concentration in the hands of a few, and the marginalization of peasants and indigenous communities. The exploitation and lack of political rights among the populace ignited a demand for reform. Prominent figures like Francisco I. Madero and Emiliano Zapata emerged, advocating for land redistribution and democracy. The revolution sought to dismantle oppressive structures and address social injustices, reshaping Mexican society in the process.