The predominant ideology that fueled colonization efforts during the Age of Exploration was mercantilism. This economic theory emphasized the importance of accumulating wealth, primarily gold and silver, for national power. Countries believed that acquiring new territories would enhance their wealth and resources, thereby increasing their global influence. This ideology justified the imperialistic pursuits of European powers, leading to the establishment of colonies across the Americas, Africa, and Asia. As a result, mercantilism shaped trade policies and international relations, leading to significant cultural and economic exchanges that characterized this transformative period in history.