During the Victorian era, the position of women in society was largely defined by traditional gender roles. Women were primarily viewed as caregivers and homemakers, responsible for managing the household and raising children. Their public roles were limited, with few educational and economic opportunities; women were often discouraged from pursuing careers or education beyond basic literacy. However, the era also saw the beginnings of social reform movements advocating for women's rights, including the suffrage movement. Many women, particularly from middle and upper classes, became involved in charitable organizations and social activism, gradually challenging societal norms and expectations.