The period following the fall of the Roman Empire is known as the Middle Ages or Medieval Period, which lasted from around the 5th to the late 15th century. This era is characterized by the fragmentation of political power, the rise of feudalism, and the growth of local kingdoms and territories in Europe. The Middle Ages saw significant cultural and religious developments, including the spread of Christianity and the establishment of monasteries and universities. It was a time marked by both challenges, such as barbarian invasions, and advancements, like the Carolingian Renaissance, which laid the groundwork for the later emergence of the Renaissance.