The Iranian Revolution in 1979 resulted in the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy, led by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The revolution was marked by significant social and political upheaval, driven by widespread discontent with the Shah's authoritarian rule, Westernization policies, and economic issues affecting Iran. The outcome transformed Iran’s political landscape, instituting a theocratic regime that implemented Islamic law and radically altered the nation’s foreign and domestic policies. The revolution also inspired other movements across the region, reshaping political dynamics in the Middle East and leading to ongoing conflicts over governance and religious identity.