The outcome of post-Revolutionary reforms in France was a mixture of political turmoil and the eventual establishment of the Third Republic. Following the French Revolution, the initial attempts at reform led to the rise of authoritarian regimes, including the Napoleonic Empire. After Napoleon's defeat, multiple governmental changes occurred, including the Restoration and the July Monarchy. Ultimately, the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870 brought more stable democratic governance, although it faced challenges, such as political divisions and the Dreyfus Affair. This period laid the groundwork for modern French politics and institutions.