The last ruling dynasty of China was the Qing dynasty, which reigned from 1644 to 1912. The dynasty was established by the Manchus, who overthrew the Ming dynasty and expanded China's territory significantly. The Qing dynasty is known for its cultural achievements, stability, and interactions with Western powers. However, it faced numerous challenges in the 19th century, including internal rebellions, foreign invasions, and a declining economy. In 1911, a revolution led to the fall of the Qing dynasty, resulting in the establishment of the Republic of China and marking the end of over two millennia of imperial rule.